Gall bladder stones, also known as gallstones, are solid particles that form in the gallbladder, a small organ under the liver. They can range in size from a grain of sand to a golf ball and are primarily composed of cholesterol or bilirubin. Gallstones can cause severe pain, especially if they block bile ducts, leading to complications such as cholecystitis or pancreatitis. Symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Treatment options vary from dietary changes and medications to surgical removal of the gallbladder, known as cholecystectomy.

Appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix, a small pouch attached to the large intestine. It typically presents with sharp pain in the lower right abdomen, accompanied by fever, nausea, and vomiting. Immediate medical attention is required to prevent rupture, which can lead to severe complications. Treatment usually involves surgical removal of the appendix, known as an appendectomy.